MOE, Ministry of Environment (2024) Jordan's national biodiversity strategy and action plan. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
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The 2019 Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) underscores the alarming decline in biodiversity, with an estimated one million species facing extinction. This crisis, driven by habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change, severely threatens human well-being and demands immediate, decisive action. In response, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) was adopted at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2022. The GBF aims to halt biodiversity loss by 2030, ensure harmonious coexistence with nature by 2050, promote equitable benefit-sharing of biodiversity, and enhance the implementation and mainstreaming of biodiversity considerations. Jordan's biodiversity is distinctive and unique, shaped by its diverse topography, ranging from rugged northern mountains to western lowlands, including the Earth's lowest point at the Dead Sea and vast southeastern deserts. This varied landscape, coupled with Jordan's strategic location at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, creates a rich biogeographical diversity. Jordan's four main biogeographic zones—the Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian, Saharo-Sindian-Nubo-Sindian, and Sahara-Sindian-Arabian—support a variety of ecosystems and habitats, from deciduous and evergreen forests to arid deserts and wetlands. The country is home to 2,531 identified plant species, with about a quarter classified as threatened, according to the IUCN Red List. Jordan's flora includes seven endemic species. The country is also home to a diversity of insect species, reptiles, birds, and mammals, with many species listed in the Red Data Book of Jordan’s flora and fauna, underscoring the need for robust conservation efforts. The Gulf of Aqaba supports a unique marine ecosystem with rich biodiversity, including 157 identified hard coral species and 504 fish species, some commercially important and endemic to the Red Sea. Since ratifying the CBD in 1994, Jordan has developed and published two generations of National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs), the first in 2001 and the second in 2015, each reflecting evolving scientific knowledge and global biodiversity targets. The 2050 NBSAP addresses key drivers of socio-ecosystem change—socio-political, economic, and environmental—to foster broad communication and understanding across policy sectors and society. Key socio-political drivers include protected areas, environmental security, disaster risk reduction, and hosting refugees, constituting approximately 32% of Jordan's population. Economic drivers encompass energy, food security, and economic recovery. Jordan's energy sector heavily relies on natural gas imports, with renewable energy contributing 27% of local electricity generation in 2022. Agriculture, crucial for plant diversity, faces climate change risks impacting water resources and ecosystem resilience. The Economic Modernisation Vision (EMV) outlines a path for economic recovery, emphasizing the need for sustainable trade-offs between financial gains and socio-ecosystem resilience. Environmental drivers include water scarcity, with Jordan facing a chronic water deficit, and the Al Badia region, representing 80% of Jordan, exemplifying biodiversity conservation challenges. Land use changes driven by population growth, urbanization, and climate change significantly impact ecosystems and natural resources. The 2050 NBSAP identifies six underlying causes of biodiversity loss: • Relevance: Low public awareness and prioritization of biodiversity. • Governance: Inadequate decision-making structures and public participation. • Mismatched Trade-offs: Disconnect between science and development agendas. • Inadequate Knowledge Management: There is a need for a centralized biodiversity information database. • Lack of Systematic Financing Framework: Inadequate valuation of biodiversity in national accounting. • Weaknesses in Pricing and Tenure: Ineffective management institutions lead to overexploitation. The vision of the 2050 NBSAP is: “By 2050, Jordan’s biodiversity will be valued, conserved, restored, and sustainably used, supporting the national economy and benefiting present and future generations.” Its purpose is: • To reverse current trends in biodiversity, ecosystem, and associated ecosystem function loss. • To recognize the existential threat to society caused by biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation and the urgent need to act now. • To ensure biodiversity is the cornerstone of green growth and underpins the provision of life-supporting ecosystem goods and services. • To establish Jordan as a center of excellence for knowledge and expertise, building resilience and guiding us through future challenges of a changing climate. Goals and strategic instruments of the 2050 NBSAP include: Goal A: Maintain, enhance, or restore the integrity, connectivity, and resilience of Jordan’s socio-ecosystems, ensuring their capacity to withstand disturbances while maintaining existing functions and controls and their capacity for future change. This includes reducing and eventually eliminating anthropogenic causes of extinction or genetic diversity loss within species, including domestic relatives, by 2050. Strategic Instruments: Enhance ecosystem integrity, increase management capacities, promote participation, adopt cost-effective solutions, integrate ecological and regenerative farming, establish partnerships, conduct research and development, and support gender equality and women's roles. Goal B: Restore and sustainably manage all ecosystem goods, functions, and services, equitably distributing the costs and benefits of sustainable management through robust use systems or benefit-return arrangements reflecting the opportunity or management costs of maintaining ecosystem services, supporting the achievement of the EMV by 2050. Strategic Instruments: Implement inclusive policies, foster regional collaboration, support community-based management, develop career structures, support the EMV, and identify ecosystem-dependent aspects. Goal C: Ensure fair and equitable sharing of monetary and non-monetary benefits from using genetic resources, digital sequence information on genetic resources, and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources. Strategic Instruments: Develop supportive policy frameworks, protect local knowledge, create diverse incentive mechanisms, promote research, and enhance regional and global collaboration. Goal D: Fully fund biodiversity conservation in Jordan through domestic budgets, international funding, and private sector investments. Ensure a transparent and adaptive national policy framework that integrates biodiversity and ecosystem services into all sectors supports economic, social, and environmental resilience, and fully considers these factors within the national accounting system. Ensure the equitable and fair exchange of knowledge, skills, and data with international partners. Strategic Instruments: Mobilize financial resources, develop green business models, prioritize ecosystem functions, build capacity in environmental economics, and establish efficient national coordination for biodiversity monitoring.
| Item Type: | Documents |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | NBSAP, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), IPBES, Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), Conservation, Fish Species, Economic Modernisation Vision (EMV), Climate Change, Sustainable Management, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, Capacity Building |
| Subjects: | Biodiversity |
| Depositing User: | Kokila ICSF Krish |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Jan 2025 11:21 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Jan 2025 11:21 |
| URI: | http://icsfarchives.net/id/eprint/21467 |
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